Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is a long-term condition where the kidneys gradually lose function over time. It progresses through five stages, with each stage indicating the severity of kidney damage. Understanding these stages can help in early detection, lifestyle adjustments, and effective management to slow disease progression.

What is Chronic Kidney Disease?

Chronic Kidney Disease occurs when the kidneys are unable to filter waste and excess fluids from the blood effectively. This leads to a buildup of toxins, which can affect overall health. CKD is categorized into five stages based on kidney function measured by the glomerular filtration rate (GFR).

The Five Stages of Chronic Kidney Disease

Stage 1: Kidney Damage with Normal Function

• GFR Level: 90 mL/min or higher

• Symptoms: Often asymptomatic, but early signs may include high blood pressure or slight protein in the urine.

• Management: Maintain a healthy lifestyle, control blood pressure, and monitor kidney function regularly.

Stage 2: Mild Kidney Function Decline

• GFR Level: 60-89 mL/min

• Symptoms: Usually no noticeable symptoms, but mild kidney damage may start appearing in lab tests.

• Management: Stay hydrated, manage blood sugar levels, and avoid nephrotoxic medications.

Stage 3: Moderate Kidney Function Decline

• GFR Level: 30-59 mL/min

• Symptoms: Fatigue, swelling in hands and feet, changes in urination, and mild anemia.

• Management: Adopt a kidney-friendly diet, reduce sodium intake, and work with a healthcare provider to slow disease progression.

Stage 4: Severe Kidney Function Decline

• GFR Level: 15-29 mL/min

• Symptoms: Increased swelling, severe fatigue, nausea, and trouble concentrating.

• Management: Prepare for potential dialysis or kidney transplant, follow strict dietary guidelines, and take prescribed medications to manage complications.

Stage 5: Kidney Failure (End-Stage Renal Disease - ESRD)

• GFR Level: Less than 15 mL/min

• Symptoms: Severe fluid retention, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, and muscle cramps.

• Management: Dialysis or a kidney transplant is required for survival. Close medical supervision is essential.

Risk Factors for CKD Progression

Certain factors increase the risk of CKD advancing to later stages, including:

• High blood pressure

• Diabetes

• Heart disease

• Obesity

• Smoking

• Family history of kidney disease

Preventive Measures to Slow CKD Progression

1. Maintain a Balanced Diet

A kidney-friendly diet can slow CKD progression. Reduce salt intake, avoid processed foods, and eat lean proteins.

2. Stay Hydrated

Drinking adequate water supports kidney function and helps flush out toxins.

3. Control Blood Sugar and Blood Pressure

Diabetes and hypertension are leading causes of CKD. Regular monitoring and medications can prevent further damage.

4. Avoid Overuse of Pain Relievers

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can harm kidney function if used excessively. Consult a doctor before taking them regularly.

5. Exercise Regularly

Physical activity helps maintain a healthy weight, reduces blood pressure, and improves overall kidney function.

When to Seek Medical Help

If you experience persistent swelling, changes in urination, extreme fatigue, or trouble breathing, consult a healthcare provider. Early intervention can significantly impact CKD management and delay its progression.

The Role of SouthernOKC in Kidney Health Awareness

SouthernOKC provides valuable resources and insights into kidney health. Understanding the progression of CKD can empower individuals to take preventive steps and improve their quality of life. Regular check-ups and lifestyle adjustments are key to managing CKD effectively.

If you or a loved one are at risk of CKD, take proactive steps today. SouthernOKC remains committed to raising awareness and providing helpful information on kidney health.